Beck C, Hitchens PL and Whitton RC (2025) ‘Post-mortem computed tomography features associated with fracture of the fetlock joint in racing Thoroughbreds’, Equine Veterinary Journal 57(6):1543-1555, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14465
Beck C, Hitchens PL, Muir P, Whitton RC (2025) ‘Computed tomography features of the fetlock joint in elite racing Thoroughbred horses’, Equine Veterinary Journal, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70106
Beck C, Morrice-West AV, Muir P, Hitchens PL and Whitton RC (2025), ‘Quantification of the difference in hounsfield units of an electron density phantom between a conventional and standing computed tomography machine’, Veterinary Research Communications 49(4):228, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10789-7
Colgate VA, Riggs CM and FRAT Group II (2025) ‘IFHA Global Summit of Equine Safety and Technology: Fracture prediction and prevention’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 57(2), doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14458
Kapusniak A, Lara NM, Hitchens PL, Bailey S, Nath L and Franklin S (2025) ‘Use of Artificial Intelligence to Detect Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances in Athletes: A Scoping Review’, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 39(6), doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70257
Morrice-West AV, Thomas M, Wong ASM, Flash ML, Whitton RC and Hitchens PL (2025) ‘Linkage of jockey falls and injuries with racehorse injuries and fatalities in Thoroughbred flat racing in Victoria, Australia’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1481016
Morrice-West AV, Wong ASM, Hitchens PL and Whitton RC (2025) ‘The impact of cumulative bone fatigue on musculoskeletal injury risk in racing Thoroughbred’, The Veterinary Journal 314, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106502
Pan M, Malekipour F, Pivonka P, Morrice-West AV, Flegg JA, Whitton RC and Hitchens PL (2025) ‘A mathematical model of metacarpal subchondral bone adaptation, microdamage and repair in racehorses’, Journal of the Royal Society Interface 22(231), doi: https://doi.org/10/1098/rsif.2025.0297
2024
Ayodele BA, Pagel CN, Mackie EJ, Armour F, Yamada P, Zahra P, Courtman N, Whitton RC, and Hitchens PL (2024) ‘Differences in Bone Turnover Markers and Injury Risks Between Local and International Horses: A Victorian Spring Racing Carnival Study’, Equine Vet J 57(2):333-346, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14098
Ayodele BA, Malekipour F, Pagel CN, Mackie EJ and Whitton RC (2024) ‘Assessment of subchondral bone microdamage quantification using contrast-enhanced imaging techniques’, Journal of Anatomy 245(1):58-69, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14035
Bogossian PM, Nattala U, Wong ASM, Morrice-West AV, Zhang GZ, Rana P, Whitton RC and Hitchens PL (2024) ‘A machine learning approach to identify stride characteristics predictive of musculoskeletal injury, enforced rest and retirement in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Sci Rep 14(1):28967, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79071-1
Irandoust S, O’Niel LM, Stevenson CM, Franseen FM, Ramzan PHL, Powell SE, Brounts SH, Loeber SJ, Ergun DL, Whitton RC, Henak CR and Muir P (2024) ‘Comparison of radiography and computed tomography for condylar fracture risk assessment in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Veterinary Journal 57(3):723-736, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14131
Irandoust S, Whitton RC, Muir P and Henak CR (2024) ‘Subchondral bone injury in the parasagittal condylar grooves of the third metacarpal bone in Thoroughbred racehorses elevates site-specific strain concentration’, Journal of Mechanical Behaviour of Biomedical Materials 155, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106561
Muir P, Stevenson C, Henak C, Franseen FM, O’Neil LM, Ramzan P, Loeber S, Powell S, Brounts SH, Ergun DL, Irandoust S and Whitton RC (2024) ‘Comparison of radiography and computed tomography for identification of third metacarpal structural change and associate assessment of condylar stress fracture risk in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Vet J 57(3):723-736, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14131
Muir P and Whitton RC (2024) ‘Injury prevention in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Veterinary Journal 56(3):386-388, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14077
Shaktivesh S, Malekipour F, Whitton RC and Lee PV (2024) ‘Mechanical response of local regions of subchondral bone under physiological loading conditions’, Journal of Mechanical Behaviour of Biomedical Materials 152, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106405
2023
Anderson K, Morrice-West AV, Walmsley E, Whitton RC, Fisher A and Hitchens PL (2023) ‘Validation of inertial measurement units to detect and predict horse behaviour whilst stabled’, Equine Vet J 55(6):1128-1138, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13909
Anderson K, Morrice-West AV, Wong ASM, Walmsley E, Fisher A, Whitton RC and Hitchens PL (2023) ‘Poor association between facial expression and mild lameness in Thoroughbred trot-up examinations’, Animals 13(11): 1727, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111727
Steel C, Ahern B, Zedler S, Vallance S, Galuppo L, Richardson J, Whitton RC and Young A (2023) ‘Comparison of Radiography and Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Third Carpal Bone Fractures in Horses’, Animals 13(9):1459, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091459
Wong ASM, Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL and Whitton RC (2023) ‘The association between Thoroughbred racehorse training practices and musculoskeletal injuries in Victoria, Australia’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1260554
2022
Bimson NH, Morrice-West AV, Wong ASM, Hitchens PL, Rocca MR and Whitton RC (2022) ‘Catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses in Uruguay, 2011-2017’, J Equine Vet Sci 117, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104074
Brounts SH, Lund JR, Whitton RC, Ergun DL and Muir, P (2022) ‘Use of a novel helical fan beam imaging system for computed tomography of the distal limb in sedated standing horses: 167 cases (2019-2020)’, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260(11): 1351-1360, doi: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0439
Brounts SH, Lund JR, Whitton RC, Ergun DL and Muir P (2022) ‘Computed tomography of the head and neck in sedated standing horses using a novel helical fan beam imaging system: 120 horses (2019-2020)’, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260(11): 1361-1368, doi: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0471
Flash ML, Crabb HK, Hitchens PL, Firestone SM, Stevenson MA and Gilkerson JR (2022) ‘Factors associated with racing performance and career duration for Victorian‐born Thoroughbreds’, Australian Veterinary Journal 100(1-2): 48-55, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13128
Flash ML, Crabb HK, Hitchens PL, Firestone SM, Stevenson MA and Gilkerson JR (2022) ‘Participation of Victorian thoroughbreds in the racing industry: a whole‐of‐population benchmark’, Australian Veterinary Journal 100(1-2): 40-47, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13124
Harrison SM, Whitton RC, Stover S, Symons J and Cleary PW (2022) ‘A coupled biomechanical-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (B-SPH) model for horse racing tracks’, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.766748
Malekipour F, Whitton RC and Lee PVS (2022) ‘Effects of in vivo fatigue-induced microdamage on local subchondral bone strains’, Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 136, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105491
Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL, Walmsley EA, Tasker K, Lim SL, Smith AD and Whitton RC (2022) ‘Relationship between Thoroughbred workloads in racing and the fatigue life of equine subchondral bone’, Nature Scientific Reports 12(1):11528, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14274-y
Pearce DJ, Hitchens PL, Malekipour F, Ayodele B, Lee PVS and Whitton RC (2022) ‘Biomechanical and microstructural properties of subchondral bone from three metacarpophalangeal joint sites in thoroughbred racehorses’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.923356
Wong ASM, Morrice-West AV, Whitton RC and Hitchens PL (2022) ‘Changes in Thoroughbred speed and stride characteristics over successive race starts and their association with musculoskeletal injury’, Equine Veterinary Journal 55(2):194-204, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13581
2021
Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL, Walmsley EA, Wong ASM and Whitton RC (2021) ‘Variation in GPS and accelerometer recorded velocity and stride parameters of galloping Thoroughbred horses’, Equine Vet J 53(5):1063-1074, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13370
Ayodele BA, Hitchens PL, Wong ASM, Mackie EJ and Whitton RC (2021) ‘Microstructural properties of the proximal sesamoid bones of Thoroughbred racehorses in training’, Equine Vet J 53(6): 1169-1177, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13394
Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL, Walmsley EA, Wong ASM and Whitton RC (2021) ‘Association of Thoroughbred Racehorse Workloads and Rest Practices with Trainer Success’, Animals 11(11): 3130, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113130
O'Connor S, Hitchens PL, Bolwell C, Annan R, McGoldrick A and Fortington LV (2021) ‘A cross-sectional survey of international horse-racing authorities on injury data collection and reporting practices for professional jockeys’, J Equine Vet Sci 104, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103686
2020
Colgate VA, The FRAT Group and Marr CM (2020) ‘Science-in-brief: Risk assessment for reducing injuries of the fetlock bones in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Vet J 52(4):482-488, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13273
Lloyd K, Ayodele BA, Hitchens PL, Mackie EJ, Beck C and Whitton RC (2020) ‘Associations between the radiographic appearance of vascular channels in proximal sesamoid bones, their microstructural characteristics and past racing performance in Thoroughbreds’, Equine Vet J 52(5): 670-677, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13239
Malekipour F, Whitton RC and Lee PVS (2020) ‘Distribution of mechanical strain in equine distal metacarpal subchondral bone: a microCT – based finite element model’, Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100036
Martig S, Hitchens PL, Stevenson MA and Whitton RC (2020) ‘The relationship between microstructure, stiffness and compressive fatigue life of equine subchondral bone’, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 101, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103439
Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL, Walmsley EA, Stevenson MA and Whitton RC (2020) ‘Training practices, speed and distances undertaken by Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia’, Equine Vet J 52(2): 273-280, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13156
Shaktivesh S, Malekipour F, Whitton RC, Hitchens PL and Lee PVS (2020) ‘Fatigue behavior of subchondral bone under simulated physiological loads of equine athletic training’, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 110, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103920
2019
Hitchens PL, Morrice-West AV, Stevenson MA and Whitton RC (2019) ‘Meta-analysis of risk factors for racehorse catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in flat racing’, Equine Vet J, 245:29-40, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.014
Hitchens PL, Ryan K, Koch SL, Scollay MC and Peterson ML (2019) ‘A sustainable structure for jockey injury data management for the North American horse racing industry’, Injury 50(8):1418-1422, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.06.033
Malekipour F, Hitchens P.L, Whitton RC and Lee PVS (2019) ‘Effects of in vivo fatigue-induced subchondral bone microdamage on the mechanical response of cartilage-bone under a single impact compression’, J Biomech 100, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109594
Shaktivesh S, Malekipour F, Whitton RC and Lee PVS (2019) ‘A method for fatigue testing of equine MCIII subchondral bone under a simulated fast workout training program’, Equine Vet J 52(2): 332-335, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13163
Steel CM, Collins VL, Hance SR, Adkins AR and Hitchens PL (2019) ‘Prevalence, radiographic resolution and outcomes of slab fractures of the third and central tarsal bones in juvenile Thoroughbred horses’, Aust Vet J 97(4):108-115, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12790
Steel CM, Devery S, Hance SR, Adkins AR and Hitchens PL (2019) ‘Fragmentation of the dorsal distal aspect of the talus on weanling survey and pre-sale radiographs of juvenile Thoroughbreds: prevalence and 2- and 2-year-ols racing performance’, Aust Vet J 97(3): 68-74, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12787
Walmsley EA, Jackson M, Wells-Smith L and Whitton RC (2019) ‘Solar angle of the distal phalanx is associated with scintigraphic evidence of subchondral bone injury in the palmar/plantar aspect of the third metacarpal/tarsal condyles in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Vet J 51(6):720-726, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13086
Whitton RC, Walmsley EA, Wong ASM, Shannon S, Frazer E, Williams N, Guerow J and Hitchens PL (2019) ‘Associations between pre-injury racing history and tibial and humeral fractures in Australian Thoroughbred racehorses’, Vet J 247: 44-49, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.03.001
2018
Hitchens PL, Hill AE and Stover SM (2018) ‘Relationship between historical lameness, medication usage, surgery, and exercise with catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in racehorses’, Front Vet Sci 5:217, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00217
Hitchens PL, Pivonka P, Malekipour F and Whitton RC (2018) ‘Mathematical modelling of bone adaptation of the metacarpal subchondral bone in racehorses’, Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 17(3): 877-890, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0998-z
Whitton RC, Ayodele BA, Hitchens PL and Mackie EJ (2018) ‘Subchondral bone microdamage accumulation in the distal metacarpus of Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Vet J 50(6):766-773, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12948
Malekipour F, Whitton RC and Lee PVS (2018) ‘Stiffness and energy dissipation across the superficial and deeper third metacarpal subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses under high-rate compression’, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 85: 51-56, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.031
Martig S, Hitchens PL, Stevenson MA and Whitton RC (2018) ‘Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age’, Journal of Anatomy 232(6): 919-930, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12794
Morrice-West AV, Hitchens PL, Walmsley EA and Whitton RC (2018) ‘Track surfaces used for ridden workouts and alternatives to ridden exercise for Thoroughbred horses in race training’, Animals 8(12):221, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120221
O’Connor S, Hitchen PL and Fortington LV (2018) ‘Hospital-treated injuries from horse riding in Victoria, Australia: time to refocus on injury prevention?’, BMJ Open Sport & exercise Medicine 4(1), doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000321
Williamson A, Sims NA, Thomas CDL, Lee PVS, Stevenson M and Whitton RC (2018) ‘Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses’, Equine Vet J 50(2): 255-260, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12748
